Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers represent a cornerstone in the field of control systems engineering, providing a versatile and robust method for regulating industrial processes. The ...

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

It is a common situation in electronics to have a control loop, that is some sort of feedback that drives the input to a system such as a motor or a heater based upon a sensor to measure something ...

Any good athlete will tell you that the key to an exceptional performance is to imagine the task ahead and then to practice until the body can bring this imagined sequence into reality. Similarly, ...

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) loops are often employed to minimize position error in motion control systems. Typically, they are implemented Proportional ...

The reactive controls we discussed in Part 1 are driven entirely by error. This is a bit like driving a car while looking out the back window. Your mistakes may be ...

A temperature controller is an instrument that controls temperatures, often without extensive operator involvement. In a temperature controller system, the controller accepts a temperature sensor as ...