Abstract: The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) and its variants are important models in combinatorial optimization. However, its deterministic formulations has not included uncertainty in real-world ...

The Report Minimum Technical Performance Requirements for IMT-2030 (6G) was formally finalized at the 51st meeting of ITU-R Working Party 5D (WP 5D), which concluded on 12 February 2026.

Abstract: Decomposition has been the mainstream approach in the classic mathematical programming for multi-objective optimization and multi-criterion decision-making. However, it was not properly ...