Abstract: The generalized momentum observer (GMO) is widely used for robot collision detection, but its accuracy is significantly affected by external torque residuals caused by dynamic model errors.

Abstract: Probabilistic collision detection (PCD) is essential in motion planning for robots operating in unstructured environments, where considering sensing uncertainty helps prevent damage.

Introduction Many eye diseases are asymptomatic in their early stages; thus, timely detection is essential for improved outcomes. Dynamic visual acuity (DVA)—the ability to perceive moving targets—has ...