Abstract: Electric vehicle (EV) users’ behaviors are influenced by users’ willingness, which is not directly observable. Emerging large language models (LLMs) have advantages in handling this problem.

Machine learning is the ability of a machine to improve its performance based on previous results. Machine learning methods enable computers to learn without being explicitly programmed and have ...

Beyond firewalls and perimeter security, a zero trust architecture allows security officials to better protect data and system access to both outsider and insider threats, adopting a mantra of “trust ...