Abstract: Temporal difference (TD) learning is a fundamental technique in reinforcement learning that updates value function estimates for states or state-action pairs using a TD target. This target ...

The single, deficit-based model of autism has recently come under scrutiny, as research revealed subgroups differing in symptoms, developmental trajectory, and genetic drivers of the disorder (Litman ...

Back to the Future's iconic Marty McFly guitar scene contains a number of timeline conundrums fans have noted many times over the years. But chief among them is a mistake that revolves around the ...

Detecting deepfake videos is highly challenging given the complexity of characterizing spatio-temporal artifacts. Most existing methods rely on binary classifiers trained using real and fake image ...

The attractiveness of a reward decreases with delay — a phenomenon known as temporal discounting. Humans and other animals typically devalue short-term rewards more steeply than those further in the ...

USDA-ARS, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX, USA. 1) The difference (∆) in T c was calculated by subtracting the higher irrigation treatment from the lower irrigation treatment. 2) The ...

As one of the most crucial topics in the recommendation system field, Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation aims to recommending potential interesting POIs to users. Recently, graph neural networks ...

The examples are nothing if not relatable: preparing breakfast, or playing a game of chess or tic-tac-toe. Yet the idea of learning from the environment and taking steps that progress toward a goal ...

In the 1980s, Andrew Barto and Rich Sutton were considered eccentric devotees to an elegant but ultimately doomed idea—having machines learn, as humans and animals do, from experience. Decades on, ...