AI & Society, states that algorithmic systems often construct competing but equally valid “model-worlds,” offering empirical support for a philosophical claim that evidence alone cannot uniquely ...

Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the most important concept in modern science, especially as nobody has the ...

Discover how Monte Carlo analysis helps investors assess risk and make informed decisions. Explore its role in generating ...

Abstract: This article is committed to studying projective synchronization and complete synchronization (CS) issues for one kind of discrete-time variable-order fractional neural networks (DVFNNs) ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Abstract: The Gaussian modulated continuous variable quantum key distribution (GM-CVQKD) protocol is known to maximise the mutual information between two parties during quantum key distribution (QKD).

If the probability that a randomly selected person will vote in the next election is 0.39, how would we find the probability that more than half of the people in a sample of 1000 will vote? Since the ...

It's not required to follow the exact same steps in this section. But this is a verified environment setup flow that may help users to avoid most of the issues during ...