Devdiscourse

AI systems can create competing ‘algorithmic worlds’ from same data

AI & Society, states that algorithmic systems often construct competing but equally valid “model-worlds,” offering empirical support for a philosophical claim that evidence alone cannot uniquely ...
Investopedia

Black-Scholes Model: What It Is, How It Works, and the Options Formula

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Probability underlies much of the modern world – an engineering professor explains how it actually works

Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the most important concept in modern science, especially as nobody has the ...

Bayes' Theorem: What It Is, Formula, and Examples

Bayes' theorem is a statistical formula used to calculate conditional probability. Learn how it works, how to calculate it step by step, and see real-world examples.