Oracle-based quantum algorithms cannot use deep loops because quantum states exist only as mathematical amplitudes in Hilbert space with no physical substrate. Criticall ...

Abstract: In this paper, current researchers have dealt with heuristic solution of famous Traveling Salesman Problem. Being an NP-hard problem, since its formulation, several heuristic solutions have ...

Abstract: With the increasing concerns about railway energy efficiency, researchers have developed various approaches to optimize train trajectories for energy savings. However, these methods often ...