Teeth are composites of mineral and protein, with a bulk of bony dentin that is highly porous. This structure allows teeth to be both strong and sensitive. Besides calcium and phosphate, teeth contain ...

Advanced imaging revealed a sharp zinc increase toward the tooth pulp, tracking higher dentine porosity. The results could ...

To transport an ion against its concentration gradient requires energy, which in the biological membrane is supplied by metabolic or chemical reactions. By the Curie–Prigogine principle of ...

Brownian diffusion is a ubiquitous mechanism of transport for ions, molecules and submicrometre particles. It can limit the rate of chemical reactions as well as determine the efficiency of ...

Modern cycling demands more than strong legs and high aerobic capacity. Today’s rider builds performance through structured training, sharp tactical thinking, and steady concentration.

Background/aims Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most frequent long-term complication after cataract surgery, caused by proliferation of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs). Metformin, a ...

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States ...

Mitochondria possess their own mRNA translation system, mediated by specialized mitoribosomes. Dysregulation of mitochondrial translation disrupts metabolic homeostasis and is linked to various ...

Rare earth elements are essential for modern technology, but their similar chemistry makes separation difficult and expensive. Now researchers are exploring new technologies to streamline processing ...

Are we on the brink of a revolution in imaging?Researchers at KAIST have developed a metamaterial-based image sensor architecture that overcomes one of the major barriers to real-world deployment ...

Permafrost regions contain a globally significant mercury (Hg) reservoir. An estimated 1,656 ± 962 Gg total Hg in Northern Hemisphere permafrost-region soils, with 793 ± 461 Gg frozen in ...

Recently, a research team led by Prof. Zhao Bangchuan from the Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Prof. Xiao Yao ...