Human intelligence wasn’t a cosmic evolutionary fluke, some scientists say. The case against cosmic loneliness is growing.

The earliest ancestors of all backboned animals, including humans, may have viewed the world with four eyes, not just two.

Survival of the fittest. Nature red in tooth and claw. The common view of natural selection is based solely on the individual: A trait allows an organism to out-compete its rivals and is thus passed ...

The brain’s hemispheres are specialized for efficiency. Modern neuroscience shows lateralization enhances function without dividing the mind.

Researchers across biology, philosophy, and AI are split on what counts as a mind—and whether today’s systems qualify.