Researchers have discovered the oldest known example of a predator-prey “arms race,” based on their study of ancient fossils. This ancient predator-prey relationship took place 517 million years ago ...

Over the past two decades, the Gulf of Maine has become a popular landing spot for invasive species from across the world, ...

Stephen has degrees in science (Physics major) and arts (English Literature and the History and Philosophy of Science), as well as a Graduate Diploma in Science Communication. Stephen has degrees in ...

Examples of Lapworthella fasciculata shells (under scanning electron microscope) from the Mernmerna Formation, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, showing holes made by a perforating predator. Scale ...

More than half a billion years ago, mystery predators bored into shelled animals' defensive casings. Some of the holey shells ...

In a quiet part of what is now South Australia, more than half a billion years ago, life was locked in battle. The ocean floor teemed with small shelled creatures trying to stay alive as newly evolved ...

The drill holes found in shells show the clearest, most complete form of predator/prey interaction found in the fossil record. If you’d stopped monitoring the Adriatic Sea’s marine life in the mid-20 ...

Most marine animals form their shells from calcium carbonate, which is a tough mineral also found in limestone. Some sponges and microorganisms use another compound silica. There is also a group of ...