Artificial Life (AL) and Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) represent interrelated fields that explore how individual, relatively simple entities – be they digital organisms, autonomous agents or ...

Fleming, L., and O. Sorenson. "Technology as a Complex Adaptive System: Evidence from Patent Data." Research Policy 30, no. 7 (August 2001).

Discussion of the concept of lever points from emergence theory as a tool for understanding and acting as revolutionaries in different moments. “Give me a long enough lever and a place to stand, and I ...

Scientists studied the adaptive immune system as a kind of artificial intelligence that can be trained to produce the correct response to invasion by pathogens. This work may lead to more effective ...

Tokyo, Japan - Scientists from the Institute of Industrial Science at The University of Tokyo demonstrated how the adaptive immune system uses a method similar to reinforcement learning to control the ...