Andy recommends favorite resources for basic op amp circuits and includes a portion of TI's AN-20. Test your knowledge with our op amp quiz; answer explanations are included. By 1969, a fledgling ...

"Basic Pneumatic Schematics and Circuit Design" provides an overview of different common pneumatic schematic symbols, including air treatment symbols; pressure, flow, and direction valve symbols; and ...

Using eight digital inputs, this circuit simplifies decoding of the common membrane 4x4 keypad matrix and eliminates the traditional requirement of scanning rows or columns. Any X-Y switch matrix, ...

With so much analog-circuit design being done by automated tools and circuit-performance analysis done with tools such as Spice, it may seem anachronistic to actually go through a basic circuit in ...

Reverse polarity is one of the most common causes of circuit failure, from hobby projects to industrial systems. The good news is that a well-designed reverse polarity protection using MOSFET ...

For electricity to flow, everything needs to be connected in a big ring. It’s called a circuit. For example, the lights in most houses and flats are part of a circuit controlled by the consumer unit, ...

Resistors are fundamental components in electronic circuits. Despite their simplicity, they play a central role in ensuring ...

Last month's column covered the behavior of electrical components connected in series and demonstrated that when a voltage is applied across a series circuit, the current through each component is the ...

"Hydraulic Schematics and Basic Circuit Design" provides an overview of basic hydraulic circuit configurations and the standard fluid symbols in fluid schematic diagrams. A hydraulic schematic diagram ...